Enhancement of spore production of antagonistic Penicillium oxalicum T3.3 via solid state fermentation

Anthracnose disease is a disease in which cause extensive pre- and postharvest damage to chilli crops caused by pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Recently, rather than using chemical control, spores produced from Penicillium oxalicum T3.3 raised high attention as biocontrol agent against C. gloeosporioides. Hence, this study was conducted in order to prove the antagonistic activity of P. oxalicum T3.3 toward C. gloeosporioides and to study the effect of cultural conditions on the production of P. oxalicum T3.3 spore in solid state fermentation. In this study, antagonistic activity of P. oxalicum T3.3 against C. gloeosporioides was tested in vitro by dual culture assay. P. oxalicum T3.3 was found to exhibit strong antagonistic activity against C. gloeosporioides with percent growth inhibition (PGI) of 55.86%. Then, solid state fermentation of P. oxalicum T3.3 was carried out in 250 mL flask containing 12 g of peat/vermiculite/soya bean meal (1:1:1, wt/wt/wt), sterilized and then inoculated with 4 discs of agar plugs (5mm in diameter) from 7 days old P. oxalicum culture and incubated at 28oC for 12 days. P. oxalicum T3.3 produced the highest spore concentration on 8th day of incubation time with 2.19×109 spores ml-1 recorded. After that, effect of culture conditions on P. oxalicum T3.3 spore production was determined. The highest production of P. oxalicum T3.3 spore was obtained when mycelia was used as inoculum type, 4 discs (5 mm) agar plug as inoculum size, media (peat/vermiculite/soya bean meal) at proportion of 1:1:1 (wt/wt/wt), soya bean meal as nitrogen source, temperature at 28oC, and pH 6 as initial medium pH. From the findings, it can be concluded that P. oxalicum T3.3 was able to possess antagonistic activity against C. gloeosporioides and spore production can be significantly affected by culture condition factors in solid state fermentation.

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