Detection of Beta-Agonist Residues in Meat Using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

The prevalence, type and concentration of beta-agonist residues in the liver and meat of three types of livestock animals i.e. goats, cattle and swine were studied using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Beta-agonist residues were only detected in swine with a prevalence of 16.6% in meat and 20% in liver sampled. The concentration of beta-agonist residues in the positive samples ranged between 1ng/g to 9ng/g. The performance of the multi-residue analysis method used was assessed through recovery studies and found to be varied among the beta-agonists wherein terbutaline showed the highest recovery values (78-83%) whereas salbutamol showed the lowest recovery values (22% -31%). The coefficient of variation (C.V.) had values between 1-12% which indicate acceptable variation for the method. In the second phase of this study, three ELISA test-kits, i.e. Randox ELISA beta-agonist test kit, Euro-Diagnostica beta-agonist test kit and Ridascreen beta-agonist test kit were evaluated for screening of meat and liver for beta-agonist residues in fortified and field incurred tissue samples. It was found that the Randox beta-agonist test kit was more suitable as a screening tool due to its accuracy, ease of use and lower cost. The test-kit was able to detect beta-agonists at the minimum level of detection as claimed by the suppliers. The performance of the method as assessed through recovery rates of the beta-agonists in fortified samples was satisfactory with a low coefficient of variation (1-3%). Reproducibility, as measured through the coefficient of correlation was also satisfactory. For field-incurred positive samples, the test kit showed a sensitivity of 100% and a low rate of false positives (less than 10%) for goat and cow tissues. However a high rates of apparent false positives (50%-65%) was obtained for tissues of swine. The third phase of the study evaluated the cross-reactivities of the antibodies within the three test kits to other veterinary drugs normally administered to swine. It was found that sulfachlorpyridazine; sulfamethaxine; penicillin G and amantidine cross-reacted with all three ELISA test kits to give a positive response.

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