Citation
Shreeraman, Yogespiriya
(2004)
Antioxidant Elements Analysis and Enzyme Activities in Hepatocarcinogenesis Induced Rats Treated with Strobilanthes Crispus.
Masters thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 5% (w/v) Strobilanthes crispus
crude extract on rat liver during induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Elemental analysis, was
done to support this study on all the liver tissues by energy filter transmission electron
microscope (EFTEM) and variable pressure scanning electron microscope (VPSEM).
Histological and gross changes of liver evaluation were conducted to observe the cellular
and morphological changes during induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats treated with
S.crispus. Xenobiotics detoxification enzymes such as aniline hydroxylase (ANH) and
glutathione S-transferase (GST) were assayed in liver tissues. Gross examination on liver
of rats which were induced with diethylnitrosamine/acetylaminofluorene (DEN/AAF)
showed the presence of nodules, haemorrhages and swelling on liver surface. The 5%
(w/v) Strobilanthes crispus extract effectively reduced gross changes on liver during
induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Meanwhile, histological evaluation revealed that a certain
grade of inflammation or necrosis at portal and lobular region and stages of fibrosis
during induced hepatocarcinogenesis was successfully reduced after the administration of
Strobilanthes crispus extract. Nevertheless, supplementation of S. crispus did not fully
recover the liver to normal histological feature. This could be due to the short duration of
this experiment. Elemental analysis by VPSEM showed that 5% w/v Strobilanthes
crispus extract contained 63.52% of carbon, 16.56% of oxygen, 0.66% of sodium, 0.08%
of magnesium, 11.78% of aluminium, 0.17% of phosphorus, 1.19% of sulphur, 1.66% of
chloride, 0.95% of potassium, 0.19% of iron, 0.20% of copper, 2.30% of calcium, 0.39%
silicon and 0.35% of argentum. The fresh liver tissue obtained from rats administered
with DEN/AAF and treated with Strobilanthes crispus extract showed higher percentage
distribution of antioxidant elements such as potassium and magnesium when compared to
the liver from rats induced with DEN/AAF and untreated rats, DEN/AAF administered
and treated with glycyrrhizin rats, normal without treatment rats, normal with
Strobilanthes crispus supplemented rats and normal with glycyrrhizin supplemented rats.
To detect the antioxidant elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron at
ultrastructural level, EFTEM was used. By utilizing EFTEM, the distributions of these
elements were also found to be higher in cancer with S.crispus group compared to other
groups. This may suggest showed that tumor cells has high uptake of these elements
from S.crispus extract. Meanwhile, DEN/AAF induced rats showed an increase activity
of drug/carcinogen detoxification enzymes i.e. GST and ANH. However, 5% w/v
S.crispus extract effectively inhibit the activity of these enzymes in DEN/AAF induced
rats. S.crispus which is rich with antioxidant elements such as potassium, magnesium,
calcium and iron play important role during carcinogenesis. Thus, S.crispus can be
considered as potential chemopreventive agent
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