Citation
Masiran, Ruziana
(2022)
Behavioural outcomes of parents and their children participating in the incredible years parenting programme in government hospitals in the Klang Valley, Malaysia.
Doctoral thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Abstract
Background: Children's emotional and behavioural problems (EBP) are
associated with numerous negative psychosocial implications. Structured
parenting programmes train parents to master good parenting skills to help
children improve EBP. Controlled research demonstrated the effectiveness of
the Incredible Years parenting programme (IYPP) as one such program.
However, there is limited data concerning its use for school-going children, in
clinical settings, and in developing Asian countries with collectivistic values like
Malaysia.
Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the IYPP
in decreasing EBP and parenting stress, improving parental mental health, and
increasing parenting self-efficacy.
Methodology: This randomised controlled study involved baseline and postintervention
assessments at 2 weeks and 3 months, and was conducted in
Kajang, Kuala Lumpur, and Selayang Hospitals. Mothers of 70 children aged 6-
12 years recruited through the paediatric clinics and the child and adolescent
psychiatric clinics were randomly assigned to the IYPP (School Age Basic
version) or a waitlist control group. Mothers rated EBP severity, parenting stress,
parental mental health, and parenting self-efficacy using self-administered
questionnaires. The weekly parenting programme ran for 14 weeks. Several
modifications were made to the programme to accommodate the public health
control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
Results: The intervention was effective in reducing EBP at 2 weeks postintervention
and 3 months follow-up, B = -4.20, 95% CI [-6.68, -1.72], p = .001;
B = -3.51, 95% CI [-6.37, -0.66], p = .016, respectively, particularly in respect to
the externalising behaviours, B = -1.80, 95% CI [-3.09, -0.51], p = .006; B = -
1.89, 95% CI [-3.28, -0.50], p = .008, respectively. Concerning parental
outcomes, the intervention was effective in reducing parenting stress at 3
months follow-up, B = -5.03, 95% CI [-9.16, -0.90], p = .017, and parent’s general
stress at 2 weeks post-intervention, B = -4.06, 95% CI [-7.20, -0.92], p = .011. It
was also effective in increasing parenting-self-efficacy at 2 weeks postintervention
and 3 months follow-up, B = 34.11, 95% CI [11.32, 11.93], p = .003;
B = 40.97, 95% CI [1 2.08, 17.29], p = .001, respectively. The effects on
children’s EBP and parenting self-efficacy were sustained up to 3 months postintervention.
However, the intervention had no significant effect in reducing
parental anxiety or depression at 2 weeks post-intervention or 3 months followup,
B = -2.91, 95% CI [-5.98, 0.15], p = .063; B = -2.17, 95% CI [-4.84, 0.50], p
= .111, respectively; B = -2. 71, 95% CI [-5.42, 1.08], p = .190; B = -2.29, 95%
CI [-5.16, 0.59], p = .119, respectively.
Conclusion: The modified Incredible Years School Age Basic parenting
programme is an effective tool in improving the emotions and behaviours of
Malaysian school-going children as well as the parenting and mental health of
their mothers. Evidence suggests that an established foreign parenting
intervention can be transferred to the local population despite minimum
resources, barriers to parental involvement, and various restrictions during a
world health crisis.
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