Microglia-induced neurotoxicity: a review of in vitro co-culture models

Microglia-induced neurotoxicity occurs when inflammation mediated by microglia causes loss of neuronal structures or functions in the central nervous system implicated in stroke, spinal cord injury, sepsis, neurodegenerative diseases and even psychiatric illnesses. Various co-culture in vitro microglia-induced neurotoxicity (MINT) models have been established to enable an in-depth study of this process and yet there is a dearth of information regarding usages, advantages and limitations of each of the components of this model. In this review, we examined 56 MINTs for the cells, stimuli, parameters, methods of neurotoxicity measurement and formats of co-culture used in their construction. We aim to provide foundational information, overall guideline and framework for the novice researcher to develop his/her own model and for the advancement of improved, novel and more representative MINT models.

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