Citation
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive compound found in Nigella sativa, cannot be orally consumed due to its lipophilicity. In order to overcome this low bioavailability, TQ is loaded into a colloidal drug carrier known as a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). This study aims to determine the antiproliferative effects of TQ and TQ-NLC on liver cancer cells integrated with the hepatitis B genome, Hep3B. The Hep3B was treated with TQ or TQ-NLC for 24, 48, and 72 hours via MTT assay. The results confirm that TQ or TQ-NLC inhibited the growth of Hep3B at IC50 <16.7 μM for 72 hours. TQ was also found to induce cell cycle arrest at the G1 checkpoint while TQ-NLC induced non-phase-specific cell cycle arrest. Further analysis using Annexin V staining confirmed the apoptotic induction of TQ or TQ-NLC via activation of caspases-3/7. In ROS management, TQ acted as a prooxidant (increased the level of ROS), while TQ-NLC acted as an antioxidant (reduced the level of ROS). Molecular analysis demonstrated that the GSH system and the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in Hep3B influenced the differential responses of the cells towards TQ or TQ-NLC. Hence, this study demonstrated that TQ and TQ-NLC have in vitro anticancer effects on the Hep3B.
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Official URL or Download Paper: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2018/1549805...
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Additional Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Institute of Bioscience |
DOI Number: | https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1549805 |
Publisher: | Hindawi |
Keywords: | Cytotoxic effect; Thymoquin; Liver cancer cell; Liver cancer |
Depositing User: | Nurul Ainie Mokhtar |
Date Deposited: | 05 Mar 2020 03:33 |
Last Modified: | 05 Mar 2020 03:33 |
Altmetrics: | http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.1155/2018/1549805 |
URI: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/72165 |
Statistic Details: | View Download Statistic |
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