Citation
Abu, Jalila and Wallace, Lizabeth J. and Redig, Patrick Thomas and Ogema, T. R. and Bechtold, Joan E.
(2004)
Radiographic evaluation of transverse ulna fractures treated with the intramedullary pin-external skeletal fixator (IM-ESF) tie-in technique in pigeons (Columba livia domestica).
In: 11th International Conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and 16th Veterinary Association Malaysia Congress, 23-27 Aug. 2004, Sunway Pyramid Convention Centre, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. (pp. 308-309).
Abstract
Thirty five pigeons with mid-shaft transverse ulna fracture treated with intramedullary pin-external skeletal fixator (IM-ESF tie-in) technique showed healed in 94% (33 ulnas) of the cases. Only 2 ulnas (6%) showed evidence of delayed healing. Most of the fracture sites healed with secondary bone healing (84%). Primary bone healing occurred in only 3 birds (8.6%). No evidence of implant failure was found in any ulna treated with this technique.
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