Paddy growth monitoring and yield estimation using terrestrial laser scanner

Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) is a primary food source for many countries especially in Malaysia. Sustainable rice production is really required to fulfill the needs. Appropriate amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is needed to ensure high production of rice. In this research, the growth of plant parameters at straw and leaf section and also yield such as above-ground biomass and grain has been monitored at seven different stages such as early tillering, tillering, early booting, panicle initiation, milk grain, dough grain and mature grain. Different amount of N such as 0 kg/ha, 85 kg/ha, 170 kg/ha and 250 kg/ha were applied to MR 219 and MR 220 paddy. The 2-way ANOVA results showed that different rate of N treatment affected plant parameters and yield of paddy. Plant heights, SPAD reading and above-ground biomass were significantly different at each N level while for the grain there was not much different between at 85 kg/ha, 170 kg/ha and 250 kg/ha. The highest plant height, SPAD reading, above-ground biomass and grain yield were achieved at 250 kg/ha of N level; 70.46 cm, 39.13, 65.48 g/pot and 59.00 g/pot respectively. Later, the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) was used to monitor the growth of paddy based on its height calculated using developed Crop Surface Model (CSM). The CSMs were developed from creating the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and DSM (Digital Surface Model) surfaces first using the scan point cloud data with a resolution of 1 cm. Results have shown that the developed CSM maps can be used to monitor the spatial and temporal pattern of the growth. High coefficient of determination, (R2 = 0.976) gave confirmation on the high compatibility of the method. The plant height from CSM was later used to estimate the above-ground biomass and grain yield of paddy. Results has shown that good correlations and regression were achieved for CSM plant height and above-ground biomass (R2 = 0.809) but a bit smaller between CSM plant height and grain (R2 = 0.582). Based on the result, above-ground biomass and yield were best estimated at 94 DAS (Days after sown). The above-ground biomass and grain yield estimation model was developed using linear equation. The estimated and measured above-ground biomass and grain yield were tested using a t-test analysis and the result showed that the significant values for both parameters were 1 (p≥0.05) which indicates there was no significance difference between measured and estimated values. Therefore, it is concluded that above-ground biomass and grain yield can be estimated from CSM plant height.

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