Growth performance and fatty acid profiles of Malaysian mahseer, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) fed with different types of palm oil and riverine fruit oil

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of various dietary oil sources containing different types of palm oil and riverine fruit oils on the growth performance, proximate composition and tissue fatty acid profile of juvenile Malaysian mahseer, Tor tambroides. Domesticated wild caught T. tambroides juveniles were used in all feeding trials. Each feeding trial was conducted for a period of 12 weeks and treatments were triplicated. In Experiment 1, four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with 5% lipid from different types of palm oil [crude palm oil (CPO), refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RBDO), refined bleached deodorized palm olein (RBDPO) and refined bleached deodorized palm stearin (RBDPS)] were tested. Although the growth performance of fish fed CPO was similar to those fed refined products, its muscle contained significantly higher n-3 fatty acids. Thus, CPO was used as the control in the subsequent feeding trials. In Experiment 2, five isocaloric and isonitrogeous diets containing 5% lipid with different illipe oil-CPO ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100) were evaluated. Juveniles fed on different dietary illipe oil-CPO ratios showed similar growth performances. However, juveniles fed on 100% dietary CPO had the best tissue fatty acid profile. In Experiment 3, five isocaloric and isonitrogeous diets containing 5% lipid with different canarium oil-CPO ratios as in the previous experiment were tested. Juveniles fed on 100% dietary CPO achieved the best growth performance and tissue fatty acid profile. The dietary inclusion of canarium oil significantly affected the fish growth. In Experiment 4, five isocaloric and isonitrogeous diets containing 5% lipid with different kembayau oil-CPO ratios as in the previous two experiments were assessed. Although fish fed 100% dietary CPO gave the best growth performance, kembayau oil could be included in the mahseer diet up to 50% replacement. In addition, the best muscle fatty acid profile was observed among those fed 50% dietary kembayau oil and 50% CPO. In terms of fish growth, the cheaper CPO performed as well as illipe oil and refined palm oil products. CPO, with high antioxidative activity along with high amounts of 16:0 and 18:1n-9 and moderate 18:2n-6, was also efficient in maintaining the muscle n-3 PUFAs. However, a better muscle fatty acid composition could be achieved when mahseer was fed a 50:50 combination of CPO-kembayau oil. In conclusion, CPO and a 50:50 mixture of kembayau oil-CPO were respectively recommended as a lipid source in the grow-out and finishing diets for juvenile T. tambroides.

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