UPM Institutional Repository

The modulation of NMDA and AMPA/kainate receptors by tocotrienol-rich fraction and A-tocopherol in glutamate-induced injury of primary astrocytes


Citation

Abedi, Zahra and Khaza’ai, Huzwah and Vidyadaran, Sharmili and Abd Mutalib, Mohd Sokhini (2017) The modulation of NMDA and AMPA/kainate receptors by tocotrienol-rich fraction and A-tocopherol in glutamate-induced injury of primary astrocytes. Biomedicines, 5 (4). art. no. 68. pp. 2-17. ISSN 2227-9059

Abstract

Astrocytes are known as structural and supporting cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Glutamate, as a main excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, can be excitotoxic, playing a key role in many chronic neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the potential of vitamin E in protecting glutamate-injured primary astrocytes. Hence, primary astrocytes were isolated from mixed glial cells of C57BL/6 mice by applying the EasySep® Mouse CD11b Positive Selection Kit, cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) and supplemented with special nutrients. The IC20 and IC50 values of glutamate, as well as the cell viability of primary astrocytes, were assessed with 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, and 300 ng/mL of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and alpha-tocopherol (α-TCP), as determined by an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) detected in primary astrocytes was assessed with the same concentrations of TRF and α-TCP. The expression levels of the ionotropic glutamate receptor genes (Gria2, Grin2A, GRIK1) were independently determined using RT-PCR. The purification rate of astrocytes was measured by a flow-cytometer as circa 79.4%. The IC20 and IC50 values of glutamate were determined as 10 mM and 100 mM, respectively. Exposure to 100 mM of glutamate in primary astrocytes caused the inhibition of cell viability of approximately 64.75% and 61.10% in pre- and post-study, respectively (p < 0.05). Both TRF and α-TCP (at the lowest and highest concentrations, respectively) were able to increase the MMP to 88.46% and 93.31% pre-treatment, and 78.43% and 81.22% post-treatment, respectively. Additionally, the findings showed a similar pattern for the expression level of the ionotropic glutamate receptor genes. Increased extracellular calcium concentrations were also observed, indicating that the presence of vitamin E altered the polarization of astrocytes. In conclusion, α-TCP showed better recovery and prophylactic effects as compared to TRF in the pre-treatment of glutamate-injured primary astrocytes.


Download File

[img] Text
The Modulation of NMDA and AMPAKainate.pdf
Restricted to Repository staff only

Download (4MB)

Additional Metadata

Item Type: Article
Divisions: Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
DOI Number: https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines5040068
Publisher: MDPI
Keywords: Vitamin E; Tocotrienol-rich fraction; Alpha tocopherol; Glutamate toxicity; Primary astrocytes
Depositing User: Mas Norain Hashim
Date Deposited: 20 Jul 2018 09:26
Last Modified: 20 Jul 2018 09:26
Altmetrics: http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.3390/biomedicines5040068
URI: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/63489
Statistic Details: View Download Statistic

Actions (login required)

View Item View Item