Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP45) and plasma adiponectin level among antenatal women in selected polyclinics in Selangor

Gestational diabetes mellitus according to World Health Organization definition is the carbohydrate intolerance resulting in hyperglycemia of variable severity with onset or first diagnosed during pregnancy. Chronic insulin resistance appears to be the core of pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus that actuates during mid-pregnancy and progress through third trimester. Adiponectin which is one of the adipocyte-secreted hormones was recently been reported to be associated with insulin resistance, and accumulating literature is included gestational diabetes mellitus. Adiponectin has been identified to posses anti-atherogenic, insulin-sensiting as well as lipid-oxidatin enhancing properties. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in adiponectin gene had shown significant correlation with its plasma concentration and to the extent of risk of metabolic disorder. However, dissimilar findings had been reported from different populations and ethnics group. This present study aimed to identify the association of adiponectin single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP45) with gestational diabetes mellitus; and compare various parameters between gestational diabetic and normal patients during early of pregnancy. A total number of 104 antenatal patients from three different polyclinics; Polyclinic Bangi, Polyclinic Kajang and Polyclinic Seri Kembangan; participated in this study, and patients were in early trimester of pregnancy at first visits to antenatal clinic. Subsequently, the respondents were followed up and 79 patients retained in the following study, comprised of 53 normal and 26 gestational diabetic patients. All biochemical tests were conducted using blood plasma and patients” deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from whole blood. Adiponectin SNP45 was screened using restriction enzyme SmaI. Findings from this present study revealed that gestational diabetic patients exhibit a significantly lower plasma adiponectin level as compared to normal patients (P<0.05) during early trimester. Besides, no significant difference was observed in patients’ plasma fructosamine level and hemoglobin A1c percentage between gestational diabetic and normal patients during the early trimester. Analysis of adiponectin SNP45 revealed a significant association with gestational diabetes mellitus (P = 0.004); and that G allele in SNP45 is significantly associated with gestational diabetes (P= 0.038). A significant lower level of plasma adiponectin in gestational diabetic patients that carry TG/GG genotype in adiponectin SNP45 as compared to normal patients that carry TT genotype was found, revealing a possible role of adiponectin SNP45 in circulating plasma adiponectin concentrations. In normal patients, patients that carry TG/GG genotype exhibit significant higher BMI compared to patients that carry TT genotype. However, this observation was not found in gestational diabetic patients. Therefore, it has been concluded that gestational diabetic patients exhibit lower level of plasma adiponectin during early trimester; and adiponectin SPN45 is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in the sample population from this present study.

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