Determining sound, smell, and touch attributes in small urban parks using NGT

All senses in the landscape area are always interrelated in a complex way. Since concept of multi-sensory integration has been considered as an influential factor on the human environmental perception, engagement of the non-visual (sound- smell- touch) factors could add some information to human knowledge. The literature review of the paper initially addressed the effectiveness of non-visual factors. The summary extracted Natural, and Mechanical, Human, Instrumental (for sound), in addition Natural, Environmental related and Human-body (for smell), and finally Natural and Furniture (for touch). Furthermore, research with application of literature conducted NGT (Nominal Group Technique) to determine more salient information regarding availability of non-visual attributes in the urban environment (e.g. small urban parks). The finding of this research could offer some insight into the design elements. Indeed, the extracted information could help the designers and policy makers to propose applicable and appropriate combination of the elements in the urban area such as small urban parks to establish a more successful environment.

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