Modification of soil structure of sand tailings: 2. effect of silt, sand and clay contents on aggregate development using organic amendments

The effect of skeletal materials (silt and very fine sand) and clay on aggregate formation and stabilization of organically amended sand tailings (99% sand) was investigated. In this experiment, sand tailings were mixed with different proportions ofslime (slime contains 37% silt + very fine sand and 33% clay) and then treated with palm oil mill effluent (POME) cake at the rate of 10.5 g of POME cake per 1200 g of sand-slime mixture. The mixtures were incubatedfor 2 weeks and then air-dried. The extent of aggregation of the samples was determined by dry sieving, and the aggregate stability by wet sieving. The addition of silt + very fine sand and clay improved aggregation and aggregate stability of the sandy soils. The optimum amount of clay required to achieve a good aggregation and aggregate stability for the amount of organic matter added is 25%, where the increase in stability was seven-fold over the control. With slime, which contains 33% clay, this amount of clay can be achieved from a mixture of 75% slime + 25% sand tailings. This mixture contains 32% skeletal materials.

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