Potential of symbiotic and non-symbiotic legume endophytes as plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB).

Legumes play an important role in providing nitrogen in ecological system. Numerous symbiotic and non-symbiotic endophytic bacteria have been isolated from root nodules of many types of legume plants (Zakhia et al. 2006: Kan et al. 2007: Palaniappan et al. 2010). Rhizobia-legume is an example of symbiotic endophylcs which are able to supply ammonia to the legume plants by fixing nitrogen in the atmosphere. As well as the rhizobia, some non-symbiotic endophytes have been found inside root nodules and they do not visibly harm the host plant. Therefore, these endophytes get benefits for themselves and at the same time they have the protection from harsh environment and microbial competition by the host plant. They were mainly Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Enterobacteria species (Zakhia et al. 2006; Kan et al 2007). Some endophytic bacteria that have beneficial effects on plants are referred to as PGPB. PGPB can promote plant growth such as by diazotrophs (nitrogen fixing microorganism) to fix nitrogen, solubilization of phosphate, and hormonal plant growth promoters. Thus. the objective of this study was to identify and isolated symbiotic and non-symbiotic endophytic bacteria from soybean and winged bean by 16S rDNA that have the ability in nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization and also capable as producers of plant growth honnone IAA.

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