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Assessment of factors influencing morale in the elderly


Citation

Loke, Seng Cheong and Abdullah, Siti Suhailah and Chai, Sen Tyng and Tengku Abdul Hamid, Tengku Aizan and Yahaya, Nurizan (2011) Assessment of factors influencing morale in the elderly. PLOS ONE, 6 (1). art. no. e16490. pp. 1-8. ISSN 1932-6203

Abstract

Background: We examined the relationship between morale measured by the Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale (PGC) and disability, social support, religiosity, and personality traits. Instruments predicting morale were then tested against PGC domains. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional survey with a multistage cluster sampling design. Instruments used were disability (disease burden; WHO Disability Score-II, WHODAS-II), social support (Duke Social Support Scale, DUSOCS; Lubben Social Network Scale, LSNS-6; Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, MOS-SSS), religiosity (Revised Intrinsic-Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale, I/E-R), and personality (Ten-Item Personality Inventory, TIPI). These were plotted as bar charts against PGC, resolved with one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests, then corrected for multiple comparisons. This process was repeated with PGC domains. Contribution of factors was modeled using population attributable risk (PAR) and odds ratios. Effect of confounders such as gender, age, and ethnicity were checked using binary logistic regression. Results: All instruments showed clear relationships with PGC, with WHODAS-II and DUSOCS performing well (ANOVA p<0.001). For PGC domains, attitude toward aging and lonely dissatisfaction trended together, while agitation did not. PAR, odds ratios, and Exp(β) were disability (WHODAS-II: 28.5%, 3.8, 2.8), social support (DUSOCS: 28.0%, 3.4, 2.2), religiosity (I/E-R: 21.6%, 3.2, 2.1), and personality (TIPI: 27.9%, 3.6, 2.4). Combined PAR was 70.9%. Conclusions: Disability, social support, religiosity, and personality strongly influence morale in the elderly. WHODAS-II and DUSOCS perform best in measuring disability and social support respectively.


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Additional Metadata

Item Type: Article
Divisions: Faculty of Human Ecology
Institute of Gerontology
DOI Number: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016490
Publisher: Public Library of Science
Keywords: Morale; Elderly
Depositing User: Nabilah Mustapa
Date Deposited: 06 Feb 2020 03:20
Last Modified: 06 Feb 2020 03:20
Altmetrics: http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0016490
URI: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/22584
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