Citation
Abstract
A nano-emulsion system was developed for pesticide formulation. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed consisting emulsion system of long-chain fatty acid methyl esters (LFAMEs)/mixed surfactant/water and a quarternary component, glyphosate isopropylamine (IPA) as a herbicide active. Isotropic (L) regions were formed in the phase diagrams using mixed surfactant long-chain alkylpolyglucosides (LAPG) and ethoxylated -(3-hydroxypropyl)-heptamethyltrisiloxane (organosilicone) at the ratios of 9:1, 8:2 and 7:3. Pre-formulation concentrates were chosen from the L regions with less than 20% (w/w) of inerts (LFAMEs + mixed surfactant) and were characterized with regard to particle size, particle aging rate and thermostability study. A pre-formulation concentrate with the lowest aging rate and stable at high temperature (54 °C) was selected for the mechanisms study of the pre-formulation concentrate in conjunction with the development of nano-emulsion formulation. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) result showed that the pre-formulation concentrate appeared as a polymerized multi-connected network. Upon water dilution of the pre-formulation concentrate with gentle stirring (low-energy emulsification method), well-dispersed nanoparticles were formed with no needle structure being observed. The nano-emulsion particles were incorporated well with the glyphosate IPA thus inferring that this nano-emulsion system could ameliorate the bioactivity and bioavailability of the herbicide.
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Additional Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Agriculture Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science Institute of Bioscience |
DOI Number: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.11.005 |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Keywords: | Nano-emulsion; Glyphosate isopropylamine; Alkylpolyglucosides; Pesticide formulations; Low-energy emulsification |
Depositing User: | Najwani Amir Sariffudin |
Date Deposited: | 11 Nov 2014 06:12 |
Last Modified: | 28 Sep 2016 02:21 |
Altmetrics: | http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.11.005 |
URI: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/22315 |
Statistic Details: | View Download Statistic |
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