Development and mechanical attributes of Parkia speciosa (Hassk) chewable tablets

Parkia speciosa Hassk is called stink bean, bitter bean or petai by Southeast Asian, and is a member of the Fabaceae family and belongs to the species Parkia. It is widely recognized for its folk medicinal use in treating kidney and liver issues due to its high antioxidant content. Parkia speciosa Hassk presents preservation challenges owing to its limited shelf life and seasonality. This research focuses on two key areas: formulating Parkia speciosa Hassk into chewable tablets and characterizing their mechanical integrity and chewing efficiency. Employing lactose-based excipients—Tablettose® 80, FlowLac® 90, and MicroceLac® 100—with compositions of 14.07%, 29.41%, and 44.11% w/w, this study involved a freeze-drying treatment to preserve phenolic compounds and color quality. The resulting dried seeds were analyzed for their physical and flow properties to understand compaction and compression mechanisms. Tablets containing 500mg of Parkia speciosa Hassk powder were then produced via direct compaction at varied pressures (22.61 MPa to 67.82 MPa). The force-displacement profile was employed to examine the compaction characteristics, including elastic work, plastic work, and maximum ejection pressure. Mechanical tests were conducted using indirect tensile, friability, and dissolution tests to assess durability and dissolution rate. The optimal chewable tablet formulation, which was determined through measurement of chewing efficiency, comprises 500mg of Parkia speciosa Hassk powder and 44.11% MicroceLac® 100, compacted at 52.75 MPa. These findings highlight the potential of Parkia speciosa Hassk chewable tablets, offering a novel and convenient dosage form for delivering its bioactive compounds. The physical properties of the dried Parkia speciosa Hassk tablet, characterized by fine particle size, favorable bulk and tapped densities, and moderate flowability, establishes its suitability to be used as an additional excipient prior to compaction, providing potential health benefits owing to its antioxidant properties. The study emphasizes the significant impact of compaction pressure on tablet compaction behavior and mechanical characteristics. Compared to Tablet A (14.07% Tablettose® 80 at 22.61MPa), Tablet B (4.11% MicroceLac® 100 at 52.75MPa) exhibited superior performance, meeting stringent mechanical standards. Tablet B emerged as a promising formulation for further development of Parkia speciosa Hassk chewable tablets. These findings underscore the crucial relationship between compaction parameters and excipient characteristics in optimizing tablet formulations with potential implications for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

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