A comparative study of gadobutrol relaxivity at 3 Tesla for sustainable contrast management and standardized phantom calibration

This study aimed to characterize the relaxivity profiles of pure agarose and gadobutrol in 1% (w/v) agarose under two experimental conditions (within the air and tap-water immersion). T1 and T2 values were quantified at 3 Tesla, Siemens, Vida scanner using inversion recovery turbo spin echo (IR-TSE) for T1 and multi-echo turbo spin echo (ME-TSE) for T2. Different concentration of agarose (0.2 – 4.0% w/v) and gadobutrol (0.5 – 6.0 mM) and their T1 and T2 value for each concentration were measured. Pure agarose demonstrated low longitudinal relaxivity (r1 ≈ 0.04-0.05 s1.(%w/v)-1 vs. r1 ≈ 2.97-3.52 s-1mM-1) and high transverse relaxivity (r2 ≈ 5.00-6.34 s 1.(%w/v)-1 vs. r2 ≈ 3.80-4.55 s-1mM-1) compared to gadobutrol. Agarose showed a very high r2/r1 ratio (129.4-160.0) than gadobutrol (1.28-1.29), reflecting stronger gelmatrix effects on transverse dephasing than on longitudinal recovery. Tap-water immersion had shortened T1 by ≈9% relative to air, without significantly increasing variability. These findings provide relaxivity values for agarose and gadobutrol under well-defined conditions and illustrate how their complementary relaxation behavior can tune T1 and T2 values over a wide range to create customizable MRI calibration phantom for research and clinical use.

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