Study on crushing behavior and energy absorption of CFRP tubes with opening holes under axial compression

Abstract: Lightweight, crushable structures are fundamental to the manufacturing and design of automobiles, and carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) offer significant advantages in this respect. Interestingly, the crushing behavior and energy absorption can be regulated by opening holes in the CFRP tube. In this paper, we fabricated and investigated the energy absorption and failure modes of circular CFRP tubes containing holes under quasi-static axial compression. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of the quantity and distribution of holes on failure modes and energy absorption. The results demonstrate that, unlike the progressive crushing mode observed in intact CFRP tubes, collapse and unstable localized depressions occur at the locations of the holes during crushing tests. Compared to intact CFRP tubes, the influence of holes on the initial peak load is minimal, with variations ranging from 4 to 12%. The number of holes has a significant effect on specific energy absorption (SEA): single-, double-, and triple-hole CFRP circular tubes exhibit SEA values that are 65%, 53%, and 29% of an intact tube, respectively. Comparing the effects of different hole distributions with the same total number of holes reveals that tubes with holes near the ends exhibit higher energy absorption efficiency than tubes with holes in the middle. Furthermore, the simulation results show the different damage states of the fiber and matrix around the holes, reproduce the phenomenon of progressive crushing and local cracking, and visualize stress concentration. These findings provide valuable insights into the crushing behavior of CFRP in impact energy absorption scenarios.

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