Proteomic typing of invasive group B Streptococcus isolated from humans and fish (Oreochromis spp.; Pisces) in Malaysia

Streptococcus agalactiae, also called Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a major cause of several infectious diseases in humans and fish. However, the likelihood of GBS transmission between different host species leading to a potential zoonotic problem is less well studied. Understanding the proteomics of GBS is crucial for elucidating its zoonotic potential and developing effective diagnostic and prevention strategies. This study utilized comparative proteomic analysis using LC–MS/MS technique to investigate the similarities and differences between GBS isolates from human and fish sources. The core proteome was found to be highly conserved, with 82.5% of the 1405 identified proteins shared between the two groups. Functional categorization using the Cluster of Orthologous Genes (COG) database revealed that the majority of the proteins were involved in various metabolic pathways, reflecting the diverse catabolic capabilities of GBS. Notably, specific proteins were exclusively expressed in human or fish isolates, suggesting distinct functional roles and adaptation strategies. These findings highlight the importance of comparative proteomic studies in understanding the zoonotic potential and pathogenicity of GBS. The insights gained from this research could inform future risk assessment, diagnostic development and prevention strategies targeting this opportunistic pathogen.

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