Screening of phytochemical and anti-proliferative effect of Anacardium occidentale L. shoot extract against breast, liver and colorectal cancer cells

Anacardium occidentale also known as cashew are popular traditional food among Malaysian community. The cashew shoots are typically consumed raw or half boil as side dishes or ulam during meal times. Cancer is one of the most leading causes of death and has become a significant public health issue in Malaysia. Herbs and plants contain phytonutrients that exhibit various medicinal properties and traditionally treat various diseases have given rise to interest in traditional medicine and cultural medicine. In this study, we aim to study the phytochemical screening and anti-proliferative effect of cashew shoots against breast, liver and colorectal cancer cells. The breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), liver cancer (HepG2), and colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines were treated with 70% ethanol extract of cashew shoot for cytotoxicity test with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis induction effects were determined from cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry. Phytochemical compound screening of cashew shoot extract was carried out by using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (lcms). The cytotoxicity assay showed that cashew shoot extract had IC50 of 81.1 μg/ml, 307.5 μg/ml and 272.6 μg/ml against MDA-MB-231, HepG2 and HT-29 cell lines respectively. Apoptosis induction by cashew shoot extract was demonstrated with a significant increase of cell count in sub G0 phase for 40 μg/ml at 21.83 ± 6.22 %, 80 μg/ml at 50.66 ± 4.30 %, 120 μg/ml at 75.81 ± 4.97 % compared to control at 5.60 ± 2.14 %, and significant decrease in subsequent phases in MDA-MB-231 cell lines in cell cycle analysis. Several compounds with anticancer activity includes citric acid, gallic acid, myricetin and hinokiflavone were identified in cashew shoot extract by LCMS. These findings showed the potential anticancer properties of cashew shoot extract towards breast cancer cells. Thus, further study is needed to investigate the mechanism of cashew shoot as anticancer agent.

Text 122407.pdf Download (992kB) Official URL or Download Paper: https://ethesis.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/18573

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