Stagnation point flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid on a permeable stretching/shrinking cylinder

Ternary hybrid nanofluid is a new class of nanofluid that is capable of transferring heat with high efficiency. This study seeks to examine the properties of heat transfer as well as the flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid in the direction of stagnation point on a stretching/shrinking cylinder under the influence of suction. Similarity transformation is used to reduce the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are then solved numerically using a bvp4c solver in MATLAB. Validation of the numerical computation has been included via comparison of the numerical results with those of previously conducted studies. The results reveal that for the first solution in the opposing flow produced by the shrinking cylinder, the ternary hybrid nanofluid with a 1% volume fraction of titania exhibits superior heat transfer performance compared to the 2% volume fraction of titania when suction is applied. Moreover, increasing the suction intensity further enhances the rate of heat transfer and accelerates the cooling process. The response surface methodology (RSM) illustrates that ternary hybrid nanofluid is more effective than hybrid nanofluid in enhancing heat transfer. Also, the interactive combination of suction and stretching/shrinking parameters is more effective in enhancing heat transfer compared to the combination of suction with alumina volume fraction or stretching/shrinking parameter with alumina volume fraction. This finding suggests that in practical situations where there are limitations on which parameters can be controlled, focusing on suction and stretching/shrinking offers a more effective means of controlling heat transfer.

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