Antioxidant properties and knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of selected dietary supplements (barley grass, wheatgrass and Chlorella vulgaris powders

Three selected dietary supplements (barley grass, wheatgrass and Chlorella vulgaris powders) are potential products with antioxidant effects to fight against non-communicable diseases. However, little is known about the antioxidant properties and understanding of adults' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of these selected dietary supplements. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant properties and adults’ knowledge, attitudes and practices of the selected dietary supplements. There were two phases in this study, phase 1, which was an experimental study focused on antioxidant analysis (total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity) and phase 2, a cross-sectional study on KAP survey on the three selected dietary supplements. In phase 1, barley grass (2.83+0.50mg GAE/g DW) had the highest TPC, followed by wheatgrass (2.02+0.20mg GAE/g DW) and Chlorella vulgaris powders (1.74±0.65mg GAE/g DW). For DPPH radical scavenging activity, barley grass (198.23±0.15μg/ml) and wheatgrass powders (177.25±0.17μg/ml) had a lower IC50 compared to Chlorella vulgaris powder (1185.84±0.28μg/ml). There were also significant differences (p<0.05) found between IC50 of three selected dietary supplements and standards of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (24.51±0.37μg/ml) and quercetin (26.04±0.55μg/ml). Both TPC and DPPH radical scavenging activity were not significantly different (p>0.05) among the selected dietary supplements. In phase 2, poor knowledge (3.48±1.59), moderate attitude (28.64±2.65) and poor practice (32.94±3.29) were observed in most of the participants. Results found that working adults had significantly higher scores in knowledge (3.70±1.51) compared to students (3.33±1.63, p=0.037) on the selected three dietary supplements. Males had significantly higher scores (29.27±2.42) in attitude compared to females (28.49±2.68, p=0.030) on the three selected dietary supplements. Participants who were single, completed tertiary education and had 4-6 years of working experience reported to have better practice scores (p<0.05) on the three selected dietary supplements. Overall, knowledge (r=0.134, p=0.013) and attitude (r=0.273, p<0.001) scores correlated significantly with practice scores. For phase 1, findings of this study have shown that the three selected dietary supplements have good antioxidant properties compared to the standards (gallic acid, BHT and quercetin) used in the analysis. For phase 2, it can be concluded that the participants in this study had an overall poor knowledge, moderate attitude and poor practice towards the selected dietary supplements. In conclusion, over-relying on dietary supplements solely is not recommended but the practice of an active lifestyle and proper diet are the ways on achieving an optimal health-being and longevity life.

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