Knowledge and practice of ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention among critical care nurses of two tertiary hospitals in Klang Valley: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection in ICUs, leading to high morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated patients. This study aims to assess the knowledge and practice of VAP prevention among critical care nurses of two tertiary hospitals in Klang Valley. We hypothesised that no relationship existed between nurses’ knowledge and practice of VAP prevention and their socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires covering socio-demographics, knowledge, and practice of ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention. Fisher’s Exact test and Multinomial Logistic Regression were employed to test the relationship between variables. Results: Of 130 participants, 94.6%, 3.1%, and 2.3% had good, acceptable, and poor knowledge, respectively. Meanwhile, 44.6%, 25.4%, and 30% had good, acceptable, and poor practices. Age (p=0.013), educational qualification (p=0.019), experience in nursing (0.018), and VAP prevention training (p=0.046) significantly influenced nurses’ knowledge. In contrast, educational qualification (p<.001), experience in critical care nursing (p=0.010), and VAP prevention training (p=0.017) significantly influenced nurses’ practice of VAP prevention. However, no relationship was found between nurses’ knowledge and practice (p=0.130). Conclusion: Critical care nurses exhibited good knowledge and acceptable practice of VAP prevention. Nonetheless, the lack of a relationship between knowledge and practice suggests other factors influencing practice. Future research can focus on identifying and addressing these factors to enhance translation of knowledge into practice to reduce VAP incidence in critical care settings.

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