Checklist for sustainable public transport service in developing countries: insights from systematic literature review and experts' judgment

Public transportation (PT) plays a vital role in promoting sustainable mobility, particularly in congested urban areas. Effective PT planning requires attention to country-specific objectives and challenges. Evaluating bus services is essential for ensuring that transit systems meet mobility demands while reducing congestion and pollution. However, no globally recognized evaluation indicators currently exist for assessing PT services and stations in developing countries. To address this gap, a systematic literature review was conducted to establish a weighted assessment checklist tailored to the context of developing nations. The study employed expert judgment from 15 professionals and applied the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify best practices. Key indicators for evaluating bus stations included infrastructure, operations, and facilities, while the level of service (LOS) and sustainability emerged as the most critical indicators for bus service evaluation. Among the highest-weighted factors were reliability, safety and security, connectivity and integration, and operational efficiency, underscoring their importance in delivering effective and sustainable PT solutions. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by proposing context-specific indicators that account for the unique challenges faced by low-income countries, such as limited resources, infrastructure constraints, and socio-economic conditions.

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