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Understanding the pitch and overtone of slenthem (Indonesian metallophone in Javanese gamelan orchestra) using audio-based approaches through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).


Citation

Musib, Ahmad Faudzi and Hamdan, Sinin and Sinin, Aaliyawani Ezzerin and Mohamad Said, Khairul Anwar and Sawawi, Marini and Sosiati, Harini (2024) Understanding the pitch and overtone of slenthem (Indonesian metallophone in Javanese gamelan orchestra) using audio-based approaches through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 19 (3). pp. 834-852. ISSN 1823-4690

Abstract

This paper discusses the fundamental and overtone frequencies of slenthem (Indonesian metallophone in Javanese gamelan orchestra) using audiobased approach through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The fundamental and overtone frequencies for each plate enables the determination of the key in the slenthem. The finding indicates that the plates 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 1' for slenthem from the Faculty of Applied and Creative Art (FACA) of Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) are A2#, D3#, F3, G3, A3#, and C4#, respectively, while slenthem from the Badan Budaya Unimas (BAYU) is B2, C3, D3#, F3, G3, and A3 respectively. The plate has an individual tube resonator with various opening sizes and air column depths. The effects of the opening and air column were studied by changing the tube resonator of each plate. The plate determines the frequency of the slenthem, not the opening sizes or the length of the air column inside the tube resonator. The sound produced by the plate with and without a tube resonator were carried out to check the effect of the air column inside the tube resonator. The PicoScope determine the frequency using FFT and Adobe Audition analysing the frequency that leads to time-frequency analysis (TFA).


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Additional Metadata

Item Type: Article
Divisions: Faculty of Human Ecology
Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science
Publisher: Taylor's University
Keywords: Adobe audition; Fast fourier transform; Fundamental frequency; Overtones frequency; Slenthem; Time-frequency analysis (TFA).
Depositing User: MS. HADIZAH NORDIN
Date Deposited: 16 Feb 2026 08:16
Last Modified: 16 Feb 2026 08:16
URI: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/119861
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