Dietary effects of astaxanthin on gonadal development in female broodstock of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

This study examines the effects of dietary astaxanthin on ovarian development and reproductive health in female Macrobrachium rosenbergii, a key aquaculture species. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with astaxanthin levels of 0, 27, 62, 140, and 310 mg/kg (AS0, AS27, AS62, AS140, AS310) were tested over 56 days. Weight gain and specific growth rates were significantly higher in AS27, AS62, and AS140 compared to AS0 (P < 0.05). Survival rates were significantly higher in AS62, AS140, and AS310 compared to AS0 and AS27 (P < 0.05). The AS62 group exhibited the highest gonadosomatic index and estradiol levels, while vitellogenin levels were elevated in AS62 and AS140 (P < 0.05). Testosterone was significantly higher in AS27 and AS62 compared to AS310 (P < 0.05). Oxidative stress indicators showed lower malondialdehyde levels and higher superoxide dismutase activity in AS62, with total antioxidant capacity peaking in AS140 (P < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of genes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway, glutathione metabolism, and ubiquinone/terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis in AS140. Specifically, genes such as g6pd, fbp, gpx, and anpep were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). Optimal astaxanthin levels (114.30–165.14 mg/kg) enhanced gonadal development, antioxidant capacity, and sex hormone regulation. This study provides insights into the molecular pathways through which astaxanthin supports reproductive health in broodstock M. rosenbergii.

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