Integrating land use analysis with water demand estimation: a case study of Putrajaya, Malaysia

The challenges posed by population growth, urbanization, and changing land use patterns on sustainable water resource management are significant. This paper puts forth an integrated framework aimed at assessing future water demand in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The proposed framework combines population projections, estimations of water demand, and analyses of land use activities. Through an examination of demographic trends and land use patterns, the framework predicts population growth and identifies areas with high water demand. Daily water use patterns in homes and businesses (temporal analysis) inform the designing future water infrastructure, incorporating temporal aspects. Statistical and spatial analysis techniques are then utilized to merge these projections with water demand estimations to quantify water requirements in various zones and types of land use. This study has unveiled two daily peaks in water demand, which align with household schedules. Residential areas emerge as the primary consumers of water, displaying an evening peak distinct from the midday peak seen in businesses. The current water demand in Putrajaya is estimated at 94 million litres per day, with domestic usage surpassing non-domestic usage in a ratio of 3:2. Projections based on future land use plans foresee a 19% increase in demand, underscoring the urgency for proactive water management strategies. Spatial analysis has highlighted residential areas as the main users of water, with demand levels varying throughout the city. By comprehending these temporal and spatial patterns, water authorities can strategically target interventions, optimize infrastructure siting, and forecast future demand trends. These proactive measures are essential for securing a sustainable water future for Putrajaya.

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