Citation
Abstract
Over the past few decades, cancer immunotherapy has experienced a significant revolution due to the advancements in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell therapies (ACTs), along with their regulatory approvals. In recent times, there has been hope in the effectiveness of cancer vaccines for therapy as they have been able to stimulate de novo T-cell reactions against tumor antigens. These tumor antigens include both tumor-associated antigen (TAA) and tumorspecific antigen (TSA). Nevertheless, the constant quest to fully achieve these abilities persists. Therefore, this review offers a broad perspective on the existing status of cancer immunizations. Cancer vaccine design has been revolutionized due to the advancements made in antigen selection, the development of antigen delivery systems, and a deeper understanding of the strategic intricacies involved in effective antigen presentation. In addition, this review addresses the present condition of clinical tests and deliberates on their approaches, with a particular emphasis on the immunogenicity specific to tumors and the evaluation of effectiveness against tumors. Nevertheless, the ongoing clinical endeavors to create cancer vaccines have failed to produce remarkable clinical results as a result of substantial obstacles, such as the suppression of the tumor immune microenvironment, the identification of suitable candidates, the assessment of immune responses, and the acceleration of vaccine production. Hence, there are possibilities for the industry to overcome challenges and enhance patient results in the coming years. This can be achieved by recognizing the intricate nature of clinical issues and continuously working toward surpassing existing limitations.
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Official URL or Download Paper: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12033-0...
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Additional Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science Institute of Bioscience |
DOI Number: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-024-01144-3 |
Publisher: | Springer Science and Business Media |
Keywords: | Cancer therapy; Vaccine; Advancements; Challenges; Tumor immunotherapy |
Depositing User: | Ms. Nur Aina Ahmad Mustafa |
Date Deposited: | 13 Mar 2025 03:01 |
Last Modified: | 13 Mar 2025 03:01 |
Altmetrics: | http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.1007/s12033-024-01144-3 |
URI: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/115705 |
Statistic Details: | View Download Statistic |
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