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Employing gridded-based dataset for heatwave assessment and future projection in Peninsular Malaysia


Citation

Sa’adi, Zulfaqar and Hamed, Mohammed Magdy and Muhammad, Mohd Khairul Idlan and Chow, Ming Fai and Mohamad, Nur Athirah and Basri, Mohd Hadi Akbar and Ahmad, Mohamad Faizal and Sa’adi, Nurzalikha and Alias, Nor Eliza and Yusop, Zulkifli and Houmsi, Mohamad Rajab and Shukla, Prabhakar and Aris, Azmi (2024) Employing gridded-based dataset for heatwave assessment and future projection in Peninsular Malaysia. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 155 (6). pp. 5251-5278. ISSN 0177-798X; eISSN: 1434-4483

Abstract

Rising temperatures due to global warming necessitate immediate evaluation of heatwave patterns in Peninsular Malaysia (PM). For this purpose, this study utilized a locally developed heatwave index and a gridded daily maximum temperature (Tmax) dataset from ERA5 (1950–2022). During validation, the ERA5 dataset accurately represented the spatial pattern of Level 1 heatwaves, showing widespread occurrence. Historically, Level 1 heatwaves prevailed at 63.0%, followed by Level 2 at 27.7%, concentrated in northwestern states and the enclave between the Tahan and Titiwangsa mountain ranges. During very strong El Niño events in 1982/83, 1997/98, and 2015/16, Level 2 heatwave distributions were 10.4%, 26.8%, and 15.0%, respectively. For future projection, the model ensemble was created by selecting top-performing Global Climate Models (GCMs) using Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE), ranked re-aggregation with compromise programming index (CPI), and GCM subset selection via Fisher-Jenks. The linear scaling bias-corrected GCMs (BC-GCMs), NorESM2-LM, ACCESS-CM2, MPI-ESM1-2-LR, ACCESS-ESM1-5, and FGOALS-g3, were found to exhibit better performance, and then ensemble. March to May show the highest increase in all scenarios, ranging from 3.3 °C to 4.4 °C for Level 1 heatwaves and 4.1 °C to 10.7 °C for Level 2 heatwaves. In the near future, SSP5-8.5 projects up to a 40.5% spatial increase for Level 1 heatwaves and a 2.3% increase for Level 2 heatwaves, affecting 97.1% and 57.2% of the area, respectively. In the far future, under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, Tmax is projected to rise rapidly (1.5–4.5 °C) in the northern, western, and central regions, with increasing population exposure anticipated in the northern and western regions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2024.


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Additional Metadata

Item Type: Article
Divisions: Faculty of Agriculture
DOI Number: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-04946-2
Publisher: Springer
Keywords: CMIP6; ERA5; Heatwave; Mann-Kendall; Maximum temperature; Peninsular Malaysia
Depositing User: Ms. Azian Edawati Zakaria
Date Deposited: 28 Oct 2024 07:56
Last Modified: 28 Oct 2024 07:56
Altmetrics: http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.1007/s00704-024-04946-2
URI: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112897
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