Citation
Chan, Yoke Mun
(2003)
Efficacy Of Calcium Supplementation And Weightbearing Exercise On Bone Mineral Density In Postmenopausal Chinese Women.
Doctoral thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Abstract
The etiology of age-related bone loss is unclear but both habitually low calcium intake
and lack of physical activity have been proposed as its determinants. The objective of
this two-year randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of increasing
calcium intake and weight-bearing exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) in
postmenopausal Chinese women who were not on hormone replacement therapy.
Bone mineral density at the total body, lumbar spine L2-L4, femoral neck, Ward's
triangle, trochanter and total hip were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry
(DEXA) at six month intervals. Information on sociodemographic background, lifestyle
factors and reproductive history were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Calcium
intake was evaluated by both the three-day food record and food frequency questionnaire
at baseline, 1 2 and 24 months. Exercise habits were assessed with an exercise diary and
Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (P ASE) questionnaire.
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