Citation
Abstract
Empty and partially filled grain (EPFG) from rice milling factories is usually discarded to landfill. Converting EPFG to valuable products could increase the waste value, improve Malaysia’s rice milling waste management, and prevent environmental problems. Utilising the existing and accessible technology in rice mills factories, the optimal waste management practices involving EPFG were investigated. The options were option 1 as biochar, option 2 as compost, and option 3 as bioethanol. Data was obtained from a previous study based on the current Malaysian scenario. A methodology integrating MFA and LCA was applied to observe the environmental performance of these options, which was performed using STAN2 and SimaPro 9.0 software. The best environmental performance was found for the conversion of EPFG to compost (option 2) since less input was used and fewer emissions were released. A total of 3,550 kg CO2 eq. per ton of EPFG used was obtained while avoiding fertiliser products. Therefore, converting EPFG to compost as an easily applied technology can be suggested to rice mill factories to improve their waste management. When deployed in agricultural waste management systems, the integration MFA-LCA model could be referred to as a useful source when implementing policies and industrial uptake.
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Additional Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Forestry and Environment |
DOI Number: | https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/189570 |
Publisher: | Polskie Towarzystwo Inzynierii Ekologicznej |
Keywords: | Agriculture biomass; Life cycle analysis; Material flow; Paddy waste; Recycling; Rice mill waste; Waste management; Compost; Bioethanol; Industrial ecology; Resource efficiency; Circular economy; Agriculture; Responsible consumption and production |
Depositing User: | Scopus 2024 |
Date Deposited: | 17 Sep 2024 01:43 |
Last Modified: | 17 Sep 2024 01:43 |
Altmetrics: | http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.12911/22998993/189570 |
URI: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/112001 |
Statistic Details: | View Download Statistic |
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