Boom of resilience: unleashing the ANCA positive power after TB infection – a remarkable case report

Tuberculosis may mimic systemic autoimmune diseases like ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV). Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is the most common subtype and often positive for anti- MPO antibodies with a P-ANCA pattern. Case report A 36-years-old woman presented with haemoptysis, chronic cough with constitutional symptoms and acute kidney impairment. She had a history of smear positive tuberculosis (TB). Her TB workout was negative, and she was treated as Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), likely Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). This case illustrates the difficulty in distinguishing between tuberculosis and AAV due to similar clinical, and radiological features, with previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis.

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