MHD stagnation-point flow of nanofluid due to a shrinking sheet with melting, viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects

Nanofluids have received a lot of interest in recent years because of their prospective uses in industrial applications; therefore, a progressive study on flow control is requirable. The primary goal of this study is to elucidate the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point flow of alumina-water nanofluid due to a shrinking sheet with the inclusion of viscous dissipation, melting and Joule heating effects. The similarity transformation reduces the complexity of the model into the similarity (ordinary) differential equations. The findings are numerically acquired by programming the resultant equations in MATLAB and processing them via the bvp4c tool. The findings show that at the shrinking condition, two solutions are conceivable, with the separation of the flow occurring within this area. The examination of stability reveals that only one solution remains stable, while the other is not. By boosting the melting effect and decreasing the nanoparticle volume fraction as well as the Eckert number, it is possible to accelerate the heat transmission in the fluid flow system. The temperature profile is decelerated as the nanoparticle volume fraction amplifies, and this is accompanied by a decrease in Joule heating. This study also suggests considering 2% of alumina volume fraction instead of 1% so that the flow separation process can be delayed, and simultaneously sustain the laminar flow. The increment of melting effect by 25%, reducing the skin friction approximately by 5% at a certain degree of shrinking. This study can be referred as guidance in managing the relevant parameters imposed on the nanofluid flow, which has the capability to give significant advantages, especially in monitoring the flow performance.

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