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Role of inflammatory mediators, macrophages, and neutrophils in glioma maintenance and progression: mechanistic understanding and potential therapeutic applications


Citation

Basheer, Abdul Samad and Abas, Faridah and Othman, Iekhsan and Naidu, Rakesh (2021) Role of inflammatory mediators, macrophages, and neutrophils in glioma maintenance and progression: mechanistic understanding and potential therapeutic applications. Cancers, 13 (16). pp. 1-31. ISSN 2072-6694

Abstract

Gliomas are the most common, highly malignant, and deadliest forms of brain tumors. These intra-cranial solid tumors are comprised of both cancerous and non-cancerous cells, which contribute to tumor development, progression, and resistance to the therapeutic regimen. A variety of soluble inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines, chemokines, and chemotactic factors) are secreted by these cells, which help in creating an inflammatory microenvironment and contribute to the various stages of cancer development, maintenance, and progression. The major tumor infiltrating immune cells of the tumor microenvironment include TAMs and TANs, which are either recruited peripherally or present as brain-resident macrophages (microglia) and support stroma for cancer cell expansion and invasion. These cells are highly plastic in nature and can be polarized into different phenotypes depending upon different types of stimuli. During neuroinflammation, glioma cells interact with TAMs and TANs, facilitating tumor cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Targeting inflammatory mediators along with the reprogramming of TAMs and TANs could be of great importance in glioma treatment and may delay disease progression. In addition, an inhibition of the key signaling pathways such as NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and TLRs, which are activated during neuroinflammation and have an oncogenic role in glioblastoma (GBM), can exert more pronounced anti-glioma effects.


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Official URL or Download Paper: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/16/4226

Additional Metadata

Item Type: Article
Divisions: Faculty of Food Science and Technology
Faculty of Science
DOI Number: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13164226
Publisher: MDPI AG
Keywords: Inflammatory mediators; Neuroinflammation; Tumor-associated macrophages; Tumor-associated neutrophils; Signaling pathways; Glioma
Depositing User: Ms. Che Wa Zakaria
Date Deposited: 16 Feb 2023 06:59
Last Modified: 16 Feb 2023 06:59
Altmetrics: http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.3390/cancers13164226
URI: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/94990
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