Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) on histology (liver) and electron microscope ultrastructure (gill) of Kerai Lampam larvae

Rapid development of the industrial sector especially the nanotechnology sector is a new threat to the fish species. Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) which are widely used in anthropogenic activities are one of the heavy metals that released into the environment. The aim of this study is to study the effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on growth performances, histopathology on liver and gill ultrastructure of the Kerai Lampam, new hybrid species that have been successfully breed. The fingerling of Kerai Lampam were exposed to different concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles (0, 10, 50, and 100ppm) for a period of 28 days. The total length of the larvae was measured every weeks to calculate the growth performances. After 28 days, alterations in gill and liver were studied by using hematoxylin-eosin staining and scanning electron microscope. As a results, there was significantly different (P<0.05) on growth performances between control group and treatments. The histopathological changes can be scored as moderate severity due to the present of necrotic liver tissue, melanomacrophage pigmentation and formation of vacuolation. As for the concentration of 50ppm, the lamellea become hypertrophy and excess mucus were secreted. Besides that, lamellar ruptures were observed at concentration of 100ppm. Based on the observation, larvae of Kerai Lampam were able to survive during the experiment and no mortality was detected. The concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles that been used were considered as non - lethal concentration. Liver and gill are targeted organ to pollutant that can be used as biomarkers on environmental effects.

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