UPM Institutional Repository

Development of a kojic monooleate-enriched oil-in-water nanoemulsion as a potential carrier for hyperpigmentation treatment


Citation

Syed Azhar, Sharifah Nurfadhlin Afifah and Ashari, Siti Efliza and Salim, Norazlinaliza (2018) Development of a kojic monooleate-enriched oil-in-water nanoemulsion as a potential carrier for hyperpigmentation treatment. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 13. pp. 1-15. ISSN 1176-9114; ESSN: 1178-2013

Abstract

Introduction: Kojic monooleate (KMO) is an ester derived from a fungal metabolite of kojic acid with monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, which contains tyrosinase inhibitor to treat skin disorders such as hyperpigmentation. In this study, KMO was formulated in an oil-in-water nanoemulsion as a carrier for better penetration into the skin. Methods: The nanoemulsion was prepared by using high and low energy emulsification technique. D-optimal mixture experimental design was generated as a tool for optimizing the composition of nanoemulsions suitable for topical delivery systems. Effects of formulation variables including KMO (2.0%–10.0% w/w), mixture of castor oil (CO):lemon essential oil (LO; 9:1) (1.0%–5.0% w/w), Tween 80 (1.0%–4.0% w/w), xanthan gum (0.5%–1.5% w/w), and deionized water (78.8%–94.8% w/w), on droplet size as a response were determined. Results: Analysis of variance showed that the fitness of the quadratic polynomial fits the experimental data with F-value (2,479.87), a low P-value (P<0.0001), and a nonsignificant lack of fit. The optimized formulation of KMO-enriched nanoemulsion with desirable criteria was KMO (10.0% w/w), Tween 80 (3.19% w/w), CO:LO (3.74% w/w), xanthan gum (0.70% w/w), and deionized water (81.68% w/w). This optimum formulation showed good agreement between the actual droplet size (110.01 nm) and the predicted droplet size (111.73 nm) with a residual standard error <2.0%. The optimized formulation with pH values (6.28) showed high conductivity (1,492.00 µScm-1) and remained stable under accelerated stability study during storage at 4°C, 25°C, and 45°C for 90 days, centrifugal force as well as freeze–thaw cycles. Rheology measurement justified that the optimized formulation was more elastic (shear thinning and pseudo-plastic properties) rather than demonstrating viscous characteristics. In vitro cytotoxicity of the optimized KMO formulation and KMO oil showed that IC50 (50% inhibition of cell viability) value was >100 µg/mL. Conclusion: The survival rate of 3T3 cell on KMO formulation (54.76%) was found to be higher compared to KMO oil (53.37%) without any toxicity sign. This proved that the KMO formulation was less toxic and can be applied for cosmeceutical applications.


Download File

[img] Text
development-of-kojic-monooleate-enriched-oil-in-water-nanoem.pdf
Restricted to Repository staff only

Download (2MB)

Additional Metadata

Item Type: Article
Divisions: Faculty of Science
DOI Number: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S171532
Publisher: Dove Medical Press
Keywords: Kojic monooleate; Anti-tyrosinase; Hyperpigmentation; Nano-cosmeceutical; D-optimal mixture experimental design
Depositing User: Nurul Ainie Mokhtar
Date Deposited: 27 Apr 2020 05:56
Last Modified: 27 Apr 2020 05:56
Altmetrics: http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.2147/IJN.S171532
URI: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/72265
Statistic Details: View Download Statistic

Actions (login required)

View Item View Item