Batch and fixed bed adsorption study for removal of acid and reactive dyes from aqueous solution using modified kenaf core

The extensive use of commercial activated carbon as an adsorbent for the purification of industrial effluent from textile industry is not economically feasible due its high operational cost. Therefore, this research has been undertaken to explore the potential of certain agro based residues to produce suitable adsorbent. In this research, evaluation of the removal of reactive orange16 (RO16) and acid red 114 (AR114) dyes from aqueous solution was studied in batch and fixed bed column system by using modified kenaf core fibre (MKCF), in which kenaf being one of the agricultural crops used as low-cost adsorbents instead of activated carbon. In this study, kenaf core fibre (KCF) was modified successfully by treating with (3-chloro- 2-hydroxypropyl)- trimethylammonium chloride (CHMAC) as quaternization agent. In batch system, Results showed that the maximum removal of RO16 and AR114 were 97% and 99% respectively. Moreover, the results obtained from the isotherm studies were found to be best fitted with Freundlich isotherm with correlation coefficients (R2 ) of 0.9924 for RO16, and isotherm studies were best fitted with Langmuir isotherm with correlation coefficients (R2 ) 0.9853 for AR114. It was found that the kinetic study followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with correlation coefficients R2 =0.9997 and 0.9953 for RO16 and AR114 respectively and the maximum adsorption capacity for RO16 and AR114 were 416.86 mg/g and 238.56 mg/g, respectively. The fixed bed column experiment was carried out by varying the flow rates, initial concentration of the dyes and the height of the bed. experimental data analysis by using three models Thomas, Yoon- Nelson and Adam- Bohart, It was found that the best color removal percentage increased when there was a decrease in the dye concentration, low flow rates and an increase in the bed depth for the both dyes studied. The experimental results have shown a good agreement with the theoretical results. This study showed that the low-cost kenaf fibres could be used for dye removal.

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