Citation
Azis, Raba'ah Syahidah and Zakaria, Azmi and Abdullah, W. R. W. and Isa, N. H.
(2017)
Microstructure and nonlinear properties of Zn-V-Mn-Nb-O varistor ceramics with Nd2O3 substitution.
Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 12 (3).
821 - 827.
ISSN 1842-3582
Abstract
An abnormal grain growth of the ZnO-based ceramics due to highly reactive vanadium liquid phase disrupts its nonlinear properties. The effect of Nd2O3 concentration from 0.01 to 0.05 mol% on microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-based varistor ceramics were investigated. The sample was fabricated via solid state method and sintered at 900 °C for 2 h. XRD analysis shows the V2O5 and Zn2Nb2Mn2O9 phase formation. SEM analysis shows the grain is more uniform and enlarged to 3.54 μm with Nd2O3 addition up to 0.03 mol%. Nd2O3 also increased both the nonlinear coefficient α and the breakdown electric field, E1mA to an optimum of 9.94 and 75 V/mm. Beyond that concentration, oxygen O vacancy formed at the grain boundary and diminished the electrical properties.
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