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Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Malaysia: A national study of 16,440 subjects.


Citation

Gyanchand Rampal, Lekhraj Rampal and Md. Zain, Azhar and Rampal, Sanjay and Rahman, Abdul Rashid (2008) Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Malaysia: A national study of 16,440 subjects. Public Health, 122. pp. 11-18. ISSN 0033-3506, ESSN: 1476-5616

Abstract

Study design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in all states of Malaysia to determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design with proportional allocation was used. Methods: Trained nurses obtained two blood pressure measurements from each subject. Hypertension was defined as mean systolic blood pressure 4140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure490 mmHg, or a self-reported diagnosis of hypertension and taking antihypertensive medication. All data were analysed using Stata 9.2 software and took the complex survey design into account. A two-sided P-value of o0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension for subjects aged X15 years was 27.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 26.9–28.8). The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in males (29.6%, 95% CI 28.3–31.0) compared with females (26.0%, 95% CI 25.0–27.1). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the odds of having hypertension increased with increasing age, in males, in subjects with a family history of hypertension, with increasing body mass index, in non-smokers and with decreasing levels of education. Only 34.6% of the subjects with hypertension were aware of their hypertensive status, and 32.4 were taking antihypertensive medication. Amongst the latter group, only 26.8% had their blood pressure under control. The prevalence of hypertension amongst those aged X30 years has increased from 32.9% in 1996 to 40.5% in 2004. Conclusion: In Malaysia, the prevalence of hypertension is high, but levels of awareness, treatment and control are low. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive integrated population-based intervention programme to ameliorate the growing problem of hypertension in Malaysians.


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Additional Metadata

Item Type: Article
Subject: Hypertension - Cross-sectional study - Malaysia.
Subject: Hypertension - Treatment - Malaysia.
Subject: Hypertension - Prevention and control.
Divisions: Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
DOI Number: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2007.05.008
Publisher: WB Saunders
Keywords: Hypertension; Epidemiology; Prevalence; Awareness; Treatment; Control; Malaysia.
Depositing User: Raja Norazlinda Raja Azenam
Date Deposited: 16 May 2013 00:45
Last Modified: 30 Nov 2015 07:36
Altmetrics: http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2007.05.008
URI: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16336
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