Performance analysis of gold/graphene oxide surface plasmon resonance interface for trace level detection of cadmium ions

This study explores the integration of graphene oxide (GO) into a gold surface to form a gold/graphene oxide (Au/GO) bilayer as the sensing interface in the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for cadmium ions (Cd2+) detection in aqueous solutions. The sensor displays a solid reaction within a wide concentration range of 0–1000 ppm, making it suited for environmental and industrial monitoring. The sensor demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.04°/ppm, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.37 ppm and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 ppm. In addition, the high binding affinity constant (0.6037/ppm) indicates strong interactions between Cd2+ ions and the Au/GO sensing interface. Additional performance metrics, including detection accuracy (DA) and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were also investigated. These results highlight the potential of the Au/GO-based SPR platform as a promising tool for real-time, label-free monitoring of cadmium contamination in environmental samples.

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