Bio-aviation fuel (BAF) derived from catalytic deoxygenation (CDO) of waste cooking oil (WCO) using Fe2O3 doped NaY zeolite catalyst

It is widely recognized that conventional petroleum-based aviation fuel has been a major contributor to global air pollution, emitting substantial quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs) for decades. The increase in global air traffic and the requirement from greener alternative policy pushes the urgency to utilize cleaner and safer aviation fuel. Hence, bio-aviation fuel (BAF) derived from waste cooking oil (WCO) through a catalytic deoxygenation process was developed by transforming waste biobased resources into hydrocarbon range fuel or biofuel. Commonly, hydrocarbon biofuels from biobased resources can be produced through direct thermal conversion methods like hydroprocessing and pyrolysis that produce no product selectivity towards the carbon range that meets the aviation fuel standard composition. Aviation fuel consists of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics. Each component contributes to distinct fuel qualities that allow customising flight missions in various regions. In this study, a catalytic deoxygenation (deCOx) process was employed to convert WCO into distinct fuel qualities of BAF using a 5 wt% of modified metal-doped NaY catalyst. The deoxygenation reaction was carried out at 350°C for 90 minutes under nitrogen flow. The modified NaY catalysts were synthesized by dispersing iron nitrate through the liquid-liquid precipitation technique. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized using XRF, BET, and PSA, while the liquid BAF were analyzed using GC-MS analysis. The results indicate that the Fe2O3/NaY catalyst has shown notable performance in producing 16.1 wt.% of the BAF yield with the highest hydrocarbon content and oxygenated compound removal rates obtained at 78.6 % and 78.05 %, respectively. This performance highlights how Fe2O3 doping in the catalyst offers improved catalytic activity, stability, and selectivity, contributing to enhanced deoxygenation efficiency and BAF quality. The main composition of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics (52.16 %) found in the BAF shows a high similarity to conventional aviation fuel. This BAF composition demonstrates a clear improvement in hydrocarbon selectivity compared to fuels produced through thermal conversion and pure NaY-catalyzed deoxygenation reaction. This result highlights the positive impact of doping Fe2O3 onto the NaY catalyst base.

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