Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose from Arenga pinnata (sugar palm fiber) for sustainable polymer electrolyte applications

Sugar palm fiber (SPF) has high cellulose content which has the potential in biopolymer electrolyte film fabrication. The objective of this study is to produce carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from SPF as a natural-based host polymer. The cellulose was extracted from SPF through chemical treatments to eliminate lignin and hemicellulose, the binding components in SPF. The bleached SPF was modified to CMC through a mercerization technique using sodium hydroxide and etherification using monochloroacetic acid. The degree of substitution of the CMC sample was determined using acid-wash and titration methods. All samples were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). FTIR and EDX analysis confirmed the removal of binding components and formation of carboxymethyl group in bleached SPF and CMC, respectively. XRD analysis proved the amorphous nature of CMC from crystalline structure of bleached SPF. SEM images showed the separation of fibre bundle of cellulose in raw SPF with reduced diameter after chemical treatments while CMC has a corroded structure indicating the existence of carboxymethyl groups. The DS value was determined to be 0.51 for CMC which has the potential of film forming.

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