Determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on gender and its impact on labour productivity in Malaysia

This study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) based on gender and its impact on labour productivity in Malaysia. The study employed time series data in Malaysia from 1990-2019. The data were analysed using quantitative methods including descriptive statistics and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. There are less studies conducted on T2DM even though it is currently one of the major risk factors that are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Besides, studies have shown that diabetes death is often caused by complications such as cardiovascular disease. Diabetes caused high blood sugar which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the current leading cause of death in Malaysia. This study will provide information that can help policymakers and practitioners to decide on supplying better health services that would reduce diabetes mortality rate whilst the population gain awareness of the danger of diabetes as a silent killer after identifying the determinants of T2DM in Malaysia. Therefore, the first objective of the study examined the social determinants of T2DM according to gender in Malaysia from 1990 to 2019 using the ARDL approach to co-integration. The second objective investigated the impact of T2DM on Malaysia’s labour productivity from 1990 to 2019 using the same data analysis approaches. Overall, in the long run, the result revealed a strong association between GDP per capita, health expenditure per capita and primary school attainment as the social determinants of T2DM in Malaysia for both male and female. It is observed that obesity is a primary determinant for T2DM among Men but not Female. As for the second objective, all the variables except the current Incidence of diabetes (ID) have an impact on labour productivity in the short run. Even though the incidence of diabetes does not directly affect labour productivity in Malaysia, still, it is undeniable that diabetes has left high death statistics in Malaysia. Therefore, care and prevention must be taken before the overwhelming burden of diabetes prevalence and mortality rate hike becomes the main culprit for an economic downturn.

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