Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) Over a Decade: A Systematic Literature Review (2014-2024)

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) presents an ongoing challenge to be handled by relevant authorities in countries around the world. For developing countries such as Malaysia, an exponential increase in population and economic growth are some key reasons for the increase in solid waste generation quantity. From the perspective of systemic variables, this paper discusses several themes related to the intangible motivating factors of handling municipal solid waste. By looking into the systemic variables of Political, Legal, Economic and Social aspects of the subject matter, we can know the driving themes that are responding to each variable. A systematic literature review protocol has been developed and implemented in this study to have a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the situation on the ground and the effect on handling the municipal solid waste. After a rigorous mechanism of selection, 86 journals had been incorporated and discussed accordingly. Factors such as political support, centralization or decentralization of solid waste legislation, public-private partnerships, allocation of financial resources, educational level and cultivation of awareness are some of the highlighted themes that could be driving a certain direction towards the fate of municipal solid waste management. By emphasizing the interdependence of PLES factors, this paper offers a grounded framework for guiding future research, in forming policy design, and fostering more inclusive, sustainable waste management practices in Malaysia and comparable contexts. This review aims to serve as a reference point for decision-makers, scholars, and waste management practitioners seeking to bridge systemic gaps in solid waste governance.

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