Cytotoxicity and acute toxicity assessment of Basella alba leaf extract

Introduction: Basella alba is widely used in ayurveda and traditional medicine to treat various types of diseases. The toxicity evaluation of B. alba has not been studied up to date. The toxicity assessment is important since medicinal plant extract can cause adverse effects on humans. Hence, in this study the toxicity of B. alba leaf extract was investigated. Materials and Method: The toxicity of B. alba extract was evaluated by cytotoxicity test on Vero and WRL-68 cell lines via Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, and acute toxicity on mice at a single dosage of 2000 mg/kg body weight by oral gavage. The chosen concentrations were based on preliminary screening and previous literature, ensuring that they are within a biologically relevant range. Results: SRB assay revealed a non cytotoxic effect of B. alba with IC50 value of more than 625 µg/ml. Throughout 14 days treatment of B. alba extract, no changes noted in behavior, outer appearance, clinical sign, body and relative organ weight in control and treatment groups. The biochemical liver function test showed no significant elevation of TBIL, ALT, ALP and AST in B. alba extract treated mice compared to the control group. Histopathological examination revealed normal structure and coordination of cells, and no harmful effects noted in liver and kidney. Conclusion: The cytotoxicity and acute toxicity studies confirm that B. alba extract is non-toxic at the tested dosage. However, limitations exist, including a small sample size and the absence of subchronic or chronic toxicity assessments. Future studies should explore extended exposure periods and higher dosages.

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