Optimization of biomass and protein production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae through a specific combination of aerobic-anaerobic conditions for nutritional applications

Microbial protein or single cell protein (SCP) is a novel protein source anticipated to contribute substantially to future human nutrition. This study aimed to optimize SCP production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae applying an enhanced approach within a newly developed device. The growth method included a specific combination of aerobic and anaerobic conditions to maximize SCP yield and quality. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to analyze the effects of key process variables (i.e., temperature, aeration duration, and sucrose concentration) on biomass yield and its protein content as responses. The evaluation of variables interactions indicated that the quadratic regression models had strong correlation with experimental outcomes with R2 value of 0.9987 for both responses. The obtained results demonstrated that aeration duration was the most influential parameter affecting both responses followed by sucrose concentration and temperature. These findings suggest that adequate oxygen availability boosts S. cerevisiae metabolism and the optimum conditions for enhanced biomass and protein output were found to correspond to a temperature of 30oC, aeration duration of 35 h, and sucrose concentration of 20 g/l. Upon applying the suggested aerobic-anaerobic combination method, the biomass yield of S. cerevisiae had increased by 18.39 g/l (DW) with 39.15 % (w/w) protein content. This study revealed that aeration is a critical factor for SCP production by S. cerevisiae and its protein content. Furthermore, the specific propagation approach of this work can be effectively implemented in industrial production of S. cerevisiae, contributing to a sustainable and efficient protein production for nutritional applications. Future research should focus on scaling up the process and exploring its deployment across diverse industrial, microbiological, and biotechnological contexts.

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