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Design and optimisation of personalised training games for special education based on reinforcement learning algorithms


Citation

Li, Xiaoshu and Bin Che Me, Rosalam and Ji, Kang and Dengfeng, Han and Lin, Du (2026) Design and optimisation of personalised training games for special education based on reinforcement learning algorithms. European Journal of Education, 61 (3). art. no. e70715. ISSN 0141-8211; eISSN: 1465-3435

Abstract

Personalised training games have proven to be highly beneficial for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to the adaptive nature of the interventions in custom training games using reinforcement learning (RL). However, their wider applicability and implementation are hindered by issues such as low scalability, inability to adapt to real-time changes, small training datasets and reliance on costly specialised equipment. A new framework to address these limitations is proposed using Proximal Policy Optimisation (PPO), a recently developed RL approach that dynamically updates game interventions based on real-time measurements of participants, such as behavioural measures and physiological signals. This approach shows significant improvements in performance, with an engagement prediction accuracy rate of 98% for E4AccData and Performance Data. Additionally, the involvement and performance of participants during intervention sessions show substantial increases, indicating that adaptive training games can effectively promote better learning outcomes for children with ASD. This study contributes to the field by proposing an evidence-based intervention that can transform the educational experiences of children with ASD and be practically applied in classroom settings.


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Additional Metadata

Item Type: Article
Subject: Education
Divisions: Faculty of Design and Architecture
DOI Number: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.70715
Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Keywords: adaptive interventions; ASD; personalised training; reinforcement learning (RL); serious games
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 4: Quality Education, SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities, SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being
Depositing User: Ms. Siti Radziah Mohamed@mahmod
Date Deposited: 22 Jul 2026 08:28
Last Modified: 22 Jul 2026 08:28
Altmetrics: http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.1111/ejed.70715
URI: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/127234
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