Genetics and heritability of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) germplasm on cucumber mosaic virus and agro-morphological traits

Gh111 (c.;aps1cum annuum L.), one ot the most widely and trequently consumed vegetables worldwide, is susceptible to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). High yield and highly resistant chili to CMV is vital to farmers. Genetic based knowledge play important role for the development of a new variety in chili. In this study, two experiments were carried out. First experiment is to study the basic genetic components among 21 Capsicum annuum L. genotypes in two different planting seasons which the first season took place from February until June 2015 while the second season was conducted from July until December 2015. Second experiment is to assess and pre-determine the unknown viruses that infected chili. The assessment of viral diseases was conducted using disease severity index (OSI) and further verified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In the first planting season, the highest yield per plant was recorded from genotype PP0337-7554 (447.71 g). The most resistant genotype to CMV was 2331 HJR. High heritability was observed in days to flowering, fruit length, yield per plant and total leaf area indicated high genetic advance. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was shown by the total leaf area (66.00%) while the highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was found in number of fruits per plant (95.18%). In the second planting season, the highest yield per plant was recorded from genotype Cili Sangi 3 (409.63 g). The most resistant genotype to CMV was PP0537-7539. High heritability was observed in stem diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter, yield per plant, plant canopy diameter and days to flowering. The highest GCV was shown by the number of fruit per plant (78.02%) while the highest PCV was found in number of fruit per plant (78.18%). From both planting season analysis, 21 chili genotypes were clustered into four major groups based on their quantitative traits. Out of the 21 chili genotypes, six genotypes were selected as the best genotypes which have high fruit yields and mild resistant to CMV over two planting seasons. The three chili genotypes shown highest yield per plant over two planting seasons were Cili Bangi 3, AVPP 0902 and PP0337-7554 with 420.29 g, 340.36 g and 325.71 g per plant, respectively. While the three chili genotypes shown to have mild resistant to CMV over two planting seasons were PP0042-31, PP0537-7539 and 2331 HJR with OSI of 39.10, 45.20 and 52.10, respectively. In the second experiment, all of the six best chili genotypes were selected for preliminary identification of the specific groups of viruses. Total RNA of infected chili leaves showing mosaic, mottling, chlorosis and leaf deformation symptoms was extracted using CTAB method. Three fragments of 800,500,255 bp, specific to CMV subgroup 11, PepLCV and 18S rRNA, respectively, were successfully amplified. This confirms the occurrence of CMV and mix infection in chili.

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