Influence of low-temperature annealing on the acetone response of an ITO-coated D-shaped optical fiber LMR sensor

Acetone is a volatile organic compound (VOC) widely used in industrial processing and laboratory environments, where excessive vapor concentrations may pose safety and health concerns. Reliable monitoring systems that operate at room temperature and can be integrated into compact sensing platforms are therefore of considerable interest. In this work, the influence of coating thickness and low-temperature annealing on the acetone response of a lossy mode resonance (LMR)-based D-shaped optical fiber sensor coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) was investigated. ITO coatings were deposited by thermal evaporation, and selected samples were annealed at 200 °C. Among the investigated configurations, a nominal 50 nm annealed ITO coating exhibited the highest performance, achieving a sensitivity of 0.0011 nm/ppm with a linearity of R2 = 0.9032 over the acetone concentration range of 200–1000 ppm. For comparison, bilayer Au structures were also evaluated but showed lower sensitivity and linearity than the single-layer ITO configuration. The results suggest that combining ultrathin ITO coatings with moderate thermal treatment can improve the acetone response of LMR-based optical fiber sensors while avoiding the higher processing temperatures commonly employed in ITO-based sensing platforms.

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